Calvor | Fitness Macro Calculator

Phillips et al. (2011): Optimal protein for athletes.
Morton et al. (2018): Meta-analysis on 1.6g/kg limits.
Schoenfeld (2018): Protein timing and hypertrophy.
Helms et al. (2014): Protein needs in energy-restricted resistance-trained athletes.

Nutritional Physiology & MPS

Nitrogen Balance & Hypertrophy

Protein intake is the primary driver of Nitrogen Balance. To remain in an anabolic state, nitrogen intake must exceed excretion. The 0.7g/lb baseline is the clinically observed "saturation point" where muscle protein synthesis is fully optimized.

The mTOR Pathway & Leucine

The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell growth. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, acts as the primary chemical trigger for this process. A high-protein environment ensures a consistent 2.5g+ Leucine spike per feeding cycle.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Protein requires significant metabolic energy to process. Approximately 20-30%of protein calories are burned during digestion, compared to > 10% for carbohydrates and fats, providing a metabolic advantage for body composition.

Bioavailability Metrics

This formula assumes consumption of high-quality sources with highBiological Value (BV) and PDCAAS scores, such as whey, eggs, or isolated plant proteins, to ensure effective amino acid absorption.